A major part of Tamil performing arts is its classical form of dance, the Bharatanatyam, whereas the popular forms are known as Koothu. Chola bronzes, especially the Nataraja sculptures of the Chola period, have become notable symbols of Hinduism. Tamil visual art is dominated by stylised Temple architecture in major centres and the productions of images of deities in stone and bronze.
The most important Tamil author was the poet and philosopher Thiruvalluvar, who wrote the Tirukkuṛaḷ, a group of treatises on ethics, politics, love and morality widely considered the greatest work of Tamil literature. Tamil literature is dominated by poetry, especially Sangam literature, which is composed of poems composed between 300 BCE and 300 CE. The Tamil language is one of the world's longest-surviving classical languages, with a history dating back to 600 BCE.
Scripts brought by Tamil traders to Southeast Asia, like the Grantha and Pallava scripts, induced the development of many Southeast Asian scripts such as Khmer, Javanese Kawi script, Baybayin and Thai. Pallava traders and religious leaders travelled to Southeast Asia and played an important role in the cultural Indianisation of the region. Medieval Tamil guilds and trading organizations like the Ayyavole and Manigramam played an important role in Southeast Asian trading networks. The Chola dynasty successfully invaded several areas in southeast Asia, including the powerful Srivijaya and the Malay city-state of Kedah.
The Pandyas and Cholas were historically active in Sri Lanka. Artefacts marking the presence of Roman traders show direct trade was active between Rome and Southern India and the Pandyas were recorded as having sent at least two embassies directly to Emperor Augustus in Rome. Tamils were noted for their influence on regional trade throughout the Indian Ocean. The Jaffna Kingdom, inhabited by Sri Lankan Tamils, was once one of the strongest kingdoms of Sri Lanka and controlled much of the north of the island. Tamils constitute 5.9% of the population in India (concentrated mainly in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry), 15% in Sri Lanka, 10% in Mauritius, 7% in Malaysia and 5% in Singapore.įrom the 4th century BC, urbanisation and mercantile activity along the western and eastern coasts of what is today Kerala and Tamil Nadu led to the development of four large Tamil empires, the Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas and Pallavas and a number of smaller states, all of whom were warring amongst themselves for dominance. The Tamil people, also known as Tamilar ( Tamil: தமிழர், romanized: Tamiḻar, pronounced in the singular or தமிழர்கள், Tamiḻarkaḷ, in the plural), or simply Tamils ( / ˈ t æ m ɪ l s/), are a Dravidian ethno-linguistic group who trace their ancestry mainly to India’s southern state of Tamil Nadu, union territory of Puducherry and to Sri Lanka.
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